6) Alves dos ReisAlves dos Reis was a Portuguese criminal who perpetrated one of the largest frauds in history, against Banco de Portugal in १९२५, often called the Portuguese Bank Note Crisis. Reisङs fraud had enormous repercussions on the economy and politics of Portugal. By the end of १९२५, Reis had managed to introduce escudo banknotes worth १,००७,९६३ at १९२५ exchange rates into the Portuguese economy, which was equivalent to ०.८८% of Portugalङs nominal GDP at the time.
The Portuguese currency, escudo, was fiscally disturbed and lost much of his credibility. After the scheme was found out, the Bank of Portugal ordered the withdrawal of all ५०० escudo banknotes. When Reis's fraud became public knowledge in December १९२५, it brought about a crisis of confidence in the Portuguese government. Reis was finally tried in May १९३०. He was convicted and sentenced to २० years in prison.